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Refrigeration Machines
Hybrid Solar Air Conditioning
A standard air conditioning system uses a compressor to increase the pressure on the gas, forcing it into a liquid in the condenser coil. The change of state of the refrigerant starts to take place approximately 2/3rds of the way down the condenser.
A Solar Hybrid Air Conditioning System uses a different method. It uses the heat from the sun to superheat the refrigerant which enables it to begin changing state in the top 2/3rds of the condenser coil.
Compare Solar Air Conditioning Systems Chart
March 2011
Although differing in technical maturity and commercial
status, the various solar refrigeration technologies discussed
in the previous sections are compared in terms of performance
and initial cost. The three last columns indicate
the specific cost of photovoltaic solar panels, the
specific cost of thermal solar collectors plus specific engine
costs and the specific chiller cost, respectively. Since the existing
chillers based on these technologies differ widely in cooling
capacity ranging from a few tens to several mega Watt, the
Rankine Solar Thermal Heat Engine
The main equipments include: CPC collector array, heat storage facility, gas boiler, turbine generator unit, and condenser, water circulating pump, valves and pipelines.
This paper designs a solar-heated generation system with
10kW of electricity generation. The steam temperature at the
inlet of turbomachine is 250? with the inlet pressure is
2MPa.
The analysis of four typical working processes under the
different weather conditions is as follows:
(1) When the weather is fine, the steam at the outlet of
collector with high temperature can satisfy the request of
Schematic of Liquid Desiccant System for Fresh Air Dehumidification
Liquid Desiccant System for Fresh Air Dehumidification: LDS_FAD
• LDS_FAD Module Capacity 7.5 TR (26.4 kW) max
Air delivery condition DBT / DPT 36 / 15 C
Air flow rate ~ 0.75 m3/s; ~0.9 kg/s
Moisture removal capacity ~ 10 g/s; 36 kg/h
Air side pressure drop (excluding inlet air filter) < 15 mm H2O
• Cooling Tower Capacity 9 TR (32 kWh)
Water temperature In/Out 33 / 30 C
Water flow rate 1.26 lps; 75 lpm; 4500 lph
• Hot Water Requirement 45 kWh
Water temperature In/Out 60 / 50 C
Water flow rate 1.08 lps; 65 lpm; 3900 lph
Solid Desiccant Solar Open Loop Air Conditioning
Warm and humid air enters the slowly rotating desiccant wheel and is dehumidified by adsorption of water (1-2). Since the air is heated up by the adsorption heat, a heat recovery wheel is passed (2-3), resulting in a significant pre-cooling of the supply air stream. Subsequently, the air is humidified and thus further cooled by a controlled humidifier (3-4) according to the set-values of supply air temperature and humidity.
Activated Carbon/Methanol Solar Air Conditioning
An adsorption Activated Carbon/Methanol air conditioning system was developed by Wang in 2001 to be powered by heat sources with temperatures close to 100 °C. Evacuated tube collectors could be used to supply hot water at this level of temperature. The system, had two adsorbers with 26 kg of carbon inside each one and used methanol as refrigerant. The COP and the SCP of this system were significantly influenced by the cycle time.
Silica Gel Solar Air Conditioning SWAC-10
Powered by 55?85°C hot water?
Suitable to be driven by solar water heater or waste heat from other sources?
Small mass production
10 kW, 20kW,50kW,100kW,200kW
See http://www.machine-history.com/Solar%20Powered%20Air%20Conditioning
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ClimateWell 10 Solar Air Conditioning
www.polysmart.org
ClimateWell 10 is a solar air conditioning unit with the unique ability to store energy and to deliver cooling and heating. The patented triple-state absorption technology allows ClimateWell 10 to be the first product to make
efficient and integrated energy storage possible. The process cycles between three states of aggregation – solid, liquid and gas – allowing continuous cooling or heating output. ClimateWell 10 also works in conjunction with other thermal sources such as district heating or micro co-generation.
Lithium Bromide & Water Solar Air Conditioning Schematic
There are 4 loops in this single-effect absorption LiBr/Water solar air conditioning system.
1. LiBr/H2O Loop
2. Chilled Water Loop (could flow space air and cool that instead)
3. Solar Hot Water Loop
4. Cooling Water Loop (to cool condensor & absorber)(could use air)
Typical coefficient of performance (COP) for large single-effect machines are 0.7 to 0.8.
The internal operation of a lithium bromide-water
absorption chiller is intimately influenced by the pressures
and concentrations of its working fluid. In its most basic