The Plow or plough was invented somewhere around 6,000 BC once man started using animal power.
Before that time he cultivated with hoe like devices. In Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Indus Valley (Pakistan-India) man first harnessed the Ox and so the plow. The first plow is called the ARD.
Possibly by 1500 BC people in Mesopotamia used rope pulleys for hoisting water. Archimedes of Syracuse invented the first compound pulleys 287 BC - 212 BC. Plutarch reported that Archimedes moved an entire warship, laden with men, using compound pulleys and his own strength.