1800-1849

1814 First Locomotive by Stephenson

1814 First Locomotive by Stephenson

First Locomotive Built By George Stephenson 1814
Source: Scientific American August 10, 1901 page 84
"Billy"
Originally there was no smoke-box and other modifications were done after the original build.
see http://www.machine-history.com/1814StephensonLocomotive

1814 Stephenson's Locomotive

Scientific American August 10, 1901 page 84

STEPHENSON'S LOCOMOTIVE.

The accompanying photograph represents the first locomotive built by George Stephenson, which was constructed for the Killingworth Colliery Company, in the year 1814.

After doing its share of useful work as one of the notable pioneer locomotives, it came into the possession of Sir Charles Mark Palmer, who presented it to the mayor and corporation of the city of Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of George Stephenson, which occurred June 9, 1881.

Free-Piston Sterling Refrigeration

Free-Piston Sterling Refrigeration

Originally conceived in 1816 as an industrial prime mover to rival the steam engine, its practical use was largely confined to low-power domestic applications for over a century.
See Article on Refrigeration Machines

Refrigeration System Absorption Animation

Refrigeration System Absorption Animation

See Article on Refrigeration Machines
animation of basic absorption cycle using heat
Absorption cycle refrigeration without need for a pump was invented by two Swedish students, Carl Munters and Balizar von Platen at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The machine they invented utilizes the fact that ammonia (NIL) is very soluble in cold water but much less soluble in hot water, while hydrogen is hardly soluble in either and balances the pressure throughout the system.

Air Cycle Design

Air Cycle Design

See Article on Refrigeration Machines
Air Cycle Design using air compressor, heat removal exchanger using cooling water, air motor then cold chamber.

Air Cycle Basic Design

Air Cycle Basic Design

See Article on Refrigeration Machines
Air Cycle Basic Design
The cycle is
Work in with a compressor, to an heat exchanger heat out, to work done (turning a turbine or pushing a piston) to heat absorbed.

Refrigeration Machines

Refrigeration Machines

Methods


• Compression Vapor
• Air Cycle
• Absorption
• Evaporative
• Steam Jet
• Thermoelectric
• Free-Piston Stirling Cooler
• Thermoacoustics
• Vortex Tube
• Magnetic
• Thermoelastic
• Passive

Compression Vapor Cycle

The Arc Electric Lighting

Brush Arc Electric LampsBrush Arc Electric LampsIn 1775, Italian scientist Alessandro Volta devised the electrophorus, a device that produced a static electric charge and in 1800 he developed the voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery. Building on these electrical discoveries, Sir Humphry Davy found that bright sparks were given off when the voltaic pile was discharged and a specially bright spark could be obtained by using well-burnt charcoal as electrodes.

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