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There are 4 loops in this single-effect absorption LiBr/Water solar air conditioning system.
1. LiBr/H2O Loop
2. Chilled Water Loop (could flow space air and cool that instead)
3. Solar Hot Water Loop
4. Cooling Water Loop (to cool condensor & absorber)(could use air)
Typical coefficient of performance (COP) for large single-effect machines are 0.7 to 0.8.
The internal operation of a lithium bromide-water
absorption chiller is intimately influenced by the pressures
and concentrations of its working fluid. In its most basic
form, there are four intrinsic components to a lithium
bromide-water absorption chiller: an evaporator, a generator,
an absorber and a condenser. In the generator refrigerant
vapour is thermally desorbed from the solution, which is
then condensed in the condenser. The liquid refrigerant in
the condenser is throttled and sent to the evaporator where
cooling is provided. In the evaporator, the liquid refrigerant
vaporizes and the vapour is absorbed by the solution which
is actively cooled in the absorber. The refrigerant rich
solution is pumped to the generator for generation, while the
resultant refrigerant-weak solution is throttled back to the
absorber to absorb the refrigerant vapour coming from the
evaporator. To improve the system efficiency, a solution heat
exchanger is introduced into the solution circuit to recover
the energy of the refrigerant-weak solution when it is throttled
from the generator to the absorber. The performance
index of an absorption chiller is termed the Coefficient Of
Performance (COP) and is generally defined as the ratio of
cooling output at the evaporator to the heat input to the
generator.
SOLAR COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai -India
S. SRINIVASA MURTHY Professor of Refrigeration & Clean Energy Technologies Energy Efficiency Summit 2010 Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai

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